Construction and maintenance of urban underground infrastructure with digital technologies

Urban underground infrastructure is a critical component in cities to provide essential services residents. Research efforts have been made facilitate different activities of projects using various methods, particularly digital technologies. To obtain deeper insights from existing research and directions for future research, this study conducts comprehensive review on construction Operation & Maintenance (O&M) with focus The in-depth was conducted based 145 publications the perspective locating mapping, coordination, as well O&M. Consequently, limitations challenges are revealed, such lack as-built as-is information, requirement data quality quantity deep learning fully automated robotic systems, etc. Afterwards, status matrix presented identify level technologies being studied their application potential key projects. In end, trends proposed, including (1) twinning infrastructure, (2) uncertainty inspection data, (3) generation semi-supervised learning, (4) predictive maintenance, (5) systems maintenance. This contributes body knowledge by identifying studies through systematic review, providing clear view achievements potentials proposing transformation area.